By Dr. Kai LEI , Feb, 2018 (leik#pkusz.edu.cn), Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Recently, the Blockchain technology has been a buzz topic with countless\ncomments and discussion, the concept and technology of Blockchain is deemed as\ncomplicated and mysterious to the majority, most of folks are unable to distinguish\nBlockchain from Bitcoin recognize Bitcoin and Blockchain and to figure out coin\nzone, chain zone and mine zone essentially, while the other pioneering majority\ntake full use of the hotspot to conduct currency speculation and overseas ICO\nwith zeal and expectation. The gradual understanding and acquaintance, along\nwith the focus on the value and meaning of technology as well as distinct\npositive facet revealed in compliment articles published, drives me to share my\nthoughts feelings about Blockchain, I\u2019m grateful for your inclusiveness to my\ndeficiency. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
As a researcher who has been engaged in computer technologies and\neducation, I have always felt both very lucky and stressful pressure,\nespecially, the recent five years have witnessed the long-span advancement in\ninformation technology, such as cloud computing, big data, artificial\nintelligence, future network technology future Internet, etc. This forces me to\nkeep learning and renew knowledge even as a veteran, so as to take this\nopportunity to embrace the technology revolution, cultivate elites and make\ncontributions, meanwhile, reveal the truth responsibly and accurately analyze\nthe trend and direction with the awe to science all the time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
When giving lectures to students or discussing with them together, I\nalways exemplify to motivate them, the most important thing is to let them not\nonly understand professional theories but also figure out the history and\ncauses, background and the development direction behind of them. What I\nfrequently mention is that \u201cunderstand the present and the past, then to\nforecast about the future\u201d, no matter how much of the latest technology and\nscientific knowledge you grasp today, it will eventually be outdated in the\nfuture. The real ability is that how you treat and deal with matters in with\ndiverse ways of thinking after your graduation you graduate enduringly. The\nreason why most of them do not comprehend the newly emerging Blockchain lies in\ntheir absence of social and financial experience, for example, they have do\nnever involved in stock trades and does not have have no too much idea of\nsettlements, financial and economic matters related to with Blockchain.\nTherefore, some internal inner competition of simulated simulation stock\ntrading exercises were arranged to deepen enhance their understanding feelings\nin the class. It is willing for them to It turns out that they are willing to\naccept the examples from popular entertainment works, such as classic movies\nand TV series relatively, which are is easier to be understood and resonated\ndirectly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Actually, many movies is suitable for\nstudents majoring in computer to look forward to the into the future blueprint\nof information technology development. \u201cThe Matrix\u201d movie is frequently\nmentioned by me in earlier times, Keanu Reeves\u2019 handsome appearance and his\nChinese Kungfu alike dodging bullet shot impressed audience most. It is indeed\nthe strongest scenario for future virtual reality. It is possible to be\nimmortal with the advanced development of biotechnology and information\ntechnology in the future. What\u2019s more, Additionally, the artistic conception of\nthinking can be freely shuttled between the real environment and the digital\nspace, or can be attached to the carrier of mechanization and biology.you\nthinking is able to ramble around the real environment and digital space or\nattached to a mechanized, biological carrier to be all-powerful, how the world\nand cosmic Where will civilization of the world, even the universe evolves in\nthe future with Internet of Everything?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Besides the 3D special effects of \u201cAvatar\u201d in 2010 brought by the\nmagnificent and gorgeous “first year mileage” audio-visual feast in\n2010, the connotation of Hollywood blockbuster story is worth pondering. The\ntheme that always of \u201cAvatar\u201d revolves around controversy, evil, despair and\nredemption as always, besides, it is more about the worries of struggling of\nhuman from the encounter of environment and civilization, and the distillation\nof culture and philosophy. The progress of civilization, people’s desires,\nscheming and contradictions destroy the inherited kindness and the respect to\nnature. The Pandora Planet has already evolved a \u201cbraid\u201d that is much advanced\nthan the human computer due to the advanced technology and moral spirituality,\nwhile they still live in a primitive\u2019s life with shabby clothes, the mix of\nwhich and hi-tech is totally inharmonious. Touluks, who are labeled as\n“barbarians” by human beings, show such distributed consensus, trust\nand strength. However, they lack the collective value and the supervision of\ncredit transparency like Blockchain, but only oppressed and plundered\nruthlessly by some invaders. These two kinds of people represent present a\nsharp contrast! In the future with highly developed science and technology and\ncivilization. We need then to ask why: How is it possible for the post-Avatar\ncivilization acts as the original ICO and creates a Ponzi scheme savagely and\ndisorderly?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Recently, the Blockchain technology has been a buzz topic with countless comments and discussion, the concept and technology of Blockchain is deemed as complicated and mysterious to the majority, most of folks are unable to distinguish Blockchain from Bitcoin recognize Bitcoin and Blockchain and to figure out coin zone, chain zone and mine zone essentially, while the other pioneering majority take full use of the hotspot to conduct currency speculation and overseas ICO with zeal and expectation. The gradual understanding and acquaintance, along with the focus on the value and meaning of technology as well as distinct positive facet revealed in compliment articles published, drives me to share my thoughts feelings about Blockchain, I\u2019m grateful for your inclusiveness to my deficiency. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
As a researcher who has been engaged in computer technologies and\neducation, I have always felt both very lucky and stressful pressure,\nespecially, the recent five years have witnessed the long-span advancement in\ninformation technology, such as cloud computing, big data, artificial\nintelligence, future network technology future Internet, etc. This forces me to\nkeep learning and renew knowledge even as a veteran, so as to take this\nopportunity to embrace the technology revolution, cultivate elites and make\ncontributions, meanwhile, reveal the truth responsibly and accurately analyze\nthe trend and direction with the awe to science all the time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
When giving lectures to students or discussing with them together, I\nalways exemplify to motivate them, the most important thing is to let them not\nonly understand professional theories but also figure out the history and\ncauses, background and the development direction behind of them. What I\nfrequently mention is that \u201cunderstand the present and the past, then to\nforecast about the future\u201d, no matter how much of the latest technology and\nscientific knowledge you grasp today, it will eventually be outdated in the\nfuture. The real ability is that how you treat and deal with matters in with\ndiverse ways of thinking after your graduation you graduate enduringly. The\nreason why most of them do not comprehend the newly emerging Blockchain lies in\ntheir absence of social and financial experience, for example, they have do\nnever involved in stock trades and does not have have no too much idea of\nsettlements, financial and economic matters related to with Blockchain.\nTherefore, some internal inner competition of simulated simulation stock\ntrading exercises were arranged to deepen enhance their understanding feelings\nin the class. It is willing for them to It turns out that they are willing to\naccept the examples from popular entertainment works, such as classic movies\nand TV series relatively, which are is easier to be understood and resonated\ndirectly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Actually, many movies is suitable for\nstudents majoring in computer to look forward to the into the future blueprint\nof information technology development. \u201cThe Matrix\u201d movie is frequently\nmentioned by me in earlier times, Keanu Reeves\u2019 handsome appearance and his\nChinese Kungfu alike dodging bullet shot impressed audience most. It is indeed\nthe strongest scenario for future virtual reality. It is possible to be\nimmortal with the advanced development of biotechnology and information\ntechnology in the future. What\u2019s more, Additionally, the artistic conception of\nthinking can be freely shuttled between the real environment and the digital\nspace, or can be attached to the carrier of mechanization and biology.you\nthinking is able to ramble around the real environment and digital space or\nattached to a mechanized, biological carrier to be all-powerful, how the world\nand cosmic Where will civilization of the world, even the universe evolves in\nthe future with Internet of Everything?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Besides the 3D special effects of \u201cAvatar\u201d in 2010 brought by the magnificent and gorgeous “first year mileage” audio-visual feast in 2010, the connotation of Hollywood blockbuster story is worth pondering. The theme that always of \u201cAvatar\u201d revolves around controversy, evil, despair and redemption as always, besides, it is more about the worries of struggling of human from the encounter of environment and civilization, and the distillation of culture and philosophy. The progress of civilization, people’s desires, scheming and contradictions destroy the inherited kindness and the respect to nature. The Pandora Planet has already evolved a \u201cbraid\u201d that is much advanced than the human computer due to the advanced technology and moral spirituality, while they still live in a primitive\u2019s life with shabby clothes, the mix of which and hi-tech is totally inharmonious. Touluks, who are labeled as “barbarians” by human beings, show such distributed consensus, trust and strength. However, they lack the collective value and the supervision of credit transparency like Blockchain, but only oppressed and plundered ruthlessly by some invaders. These two kinds of people represent present a sharp contrast! In the future with highly developed science and technology and civilization. We need then to ask why: How is it possible for the post-Avatar civilization acts as the original ICO and creates a Ponzi scheme savagely and disorderly?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are many introductions and a lot of practical knowledge of the blockchain, are available on the Internet. The generally accepted characteristic of Blockchain includes: decentration, disintermediation, distributed ledger, non-tampering, traceable, smart contract, zero-knowledge proof, DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), mining,etc. One book \u201cBlockchain Tutorial\u201d by Yuan Yifeng simply introduces several key points of Blockchain technology to help you get start. Absolutely, you\u2019d better read Nakamoto\u2019s papers and source code of bitcoin for deeper understanding and researching, the experience of constructing Blockchain system including token is especially needed to see how it works. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Blockchain is not so mysterious and out of thin air<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Blockchain has\nits history, in short, it is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, which is\ngradually excavated with the development of Bitcoin, a solution that can solve\nthe reliable transfer of credit value in a decentration or weak centralization\nscenario under an open environment. Blockchain technology is an integrated\nsolution with a variety of common technology so it is equipped with numerous nice\ncharacteristics. However, it can\u2019t be overstated. After all, it is still\nin its early stage and it takes long time to grow mature. For instance, smart\ncontract is considered to executive automatically by established rules, but its\nintelligence can\u2019t be exaggerated. While there will be large room for the\nfuture research and promotion of Blockchain technology, for example, the\ncombination of artificial intelligence reveals endless imagination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I do agree with the Professor Zhang Shousheng from Stanford University,\nwho fully explicits his idea on the book \u201c Blockchain is the New Turning Point\nin Internet World\u201d. The world history can be described as the saying in \u201cRomance of The Three Kingdoms\u201d, that is, this world\nwill separate after long time united. Also will do the opposite after long time\nspliting. The internet also abides by this rules, any application of\nlarge-scale information technology is featured by numerous forms, such as,\ncentralization, distributed form and coordinated distributed form, etc.\nTherefore, fog computing followes by cloud computing, edge computing derives from\ndata center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Blockchain is not omnipotent superman who can solve\nall problems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n For this\naspect, Blockchain is confronted with its technical bottleneck. For instance,\nit is impossible for the virtual currency in Blockchain with Bitcoin included\nto act as currency in circulation within short time for its huge circulation,\nwhich is unavailable for the current technology to process efficiently.\nMeanwhile, the online Blockchain is unable to solve the offline problems, such\nas, the traceability, verification and anti-counterfeiting\nof various application is conducted based on its non-tampering and\ntraceable features, Blockchain guarantees the on-chain data, while still faces\nthe off-chain loopholes without strict regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, you put the Moutai’s anti-counterfeiting\ndata on the chain, and the Block chain can only guarantee the reliability of\nit, Blockchain is unable to distinguish without combination of offline\nmanagement if you change the wine into water. It is inaccessible for Blockchain\nto directly resolve the problem of information isolation without totally access\nof every trade system. One common example is, Blockchain has no idea of\nyour medical record before the local medical databases dock with each other,\nonce they do, Blockchain can indeed greatly reinforce the practical value of\nthe data circulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Not all problems need to be solved by Blockchain<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The system\ncost of Blockchain is very high, including time cost, energy consumption,\ncalculation and storage cost, which is an aggregation of distributed storage,\ndistributed consensus, cryptography and data secrecy technology. A portion of\nits characteristics and functions are used for numerous applications, so it is\nnot necessary to obtain an overall Blockchain Platform. It is grudging for\nBlockchain if it is adopted to resolve some problems, and it is indeed \u201cmake a\nfuss over a trifle\u201d. For instance, it is more reasonable and efficient for an\nenterprise to perform centralized processing and supervisory management via\nterrific organizational structure and processing management without the\ncross-system, cross-value and cross-trade requirements. Currently, Blockchain\nis divided into private chain, consortium chain and public chain, it is\nnecessary to customize the analysis according to the timing scenario and\ntradeoff between the cost and the benefit when facing the selection scheme\nneeded by applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Generally speaking, the opener the scenario lies, the closer the\napplication suits for public chain, the Blockchain will be more useful and\nthorough. The choice of different distributed consensus algorithms is also\nparticular, In general, the safer and less risky scenarios, such as the private\nchain, will confront better credit base of the members and the low probability\nof the potential attack, so it is accessible to make a consensus among some\ncore nodes( not all network codes) to speed up the executive efficiency. It is\nnot easy to construct public chain, Not only in terms of technology, in the\nrobust design of anti-attack, it requires deep technical strength and research\naccumulation. But also, in terms of scalability, Bitcoin has become the most\nsuccessful public chain application, which is directly related to its long\nonline time and large scale. The more nodes involved in the consensus, the\ngreater the power, the stronger the overall fault tolerance of the system. Basically,\na public blockchain application without scale guarantee and full consensus\ncoordination is less significant, so it is better to use centralization,\nclouded and hierarchical architecture directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Token is the real diamond, it is the vision of Blockchain\nwhich is worthy expecting<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n It must be noted that Blockchain technology can be replaced by other\ntechnologies without Token, so what\u2019s it\u2019s unique charm lies in blockchain? Definitely,\nit is Token! Token initially used in the field of network communication\ntechnology, in order to avoid network congestion and control scheduling, it\noriginally refers to the \u201csignaling “, similar to the traffic lights, only\nwhen the Token-like pass certificate is activated, corresponding data packets\nwill be transmitted according to the instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, \u201cToken\u201d is literally translated in the semantic background of\nBlockchain in many written materials, in which, it was affected by Bitcoin,\nvirtual currency or digital currency, while this interpretation is improper.\nBlockchain, an infrastructure for trading and circulation, its Token can\nrepresent the integral, privilege and usufruct, meanwhile, it can undertake\nrights quantifiable value, that is to say with the advancement of digital\nprocess, more future digital assets can undertook by Token via the fine-grained\nquantifiable value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n So why this is fine-grained quantified value so important? This\ntopic needs to be thoroughly understood from the existing and future social\norganization models, or from the collaborative model level. Human civilization\nincludes material civilization and spiritual civilization. Civilization can\nalso refer to human evolution from the inanimate barbaric behavior of animals,\nand the establishment of a fair and regular society with wisdom, such as\nChinese civilization, ancient Indian civilization, Greek civilization and\nEgyptian civilization. Wait. Steam engines, electric motors, computers and\nnuclear reactors have created a new monument of “humanized nature” in\nevery scientific revolution. The unprecedented development of science and\ntechnology and social productivity has profoundly changed the future ecological\ncivilization. In the movie “Avatar”, Cameron’s depiction of Pandora’s\nplanet, in the final analysis, is a natural brain far beyond human wisdom.\nFreedom of communism and fairness, fairness and shared wisdom of sharing,\nsurpassing human high technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Why do many people think that Blockchains will subvert social relations in\nthe future and lead to changes in production relations? The most crucial thing\nis to understand that the Token quantifiable value of fine-grained is able to\nconstruct more reasonable distribution system so as to reinforce the closer\ncoordination and division work between diverse aspects of civilization,\nmeanwhile, to form the multiple and multi-level incentive social relations\nbased on credibility. The so-called \u201cRelations of production\u201d is decided by\nproductivity, AI and Big Data has already ushered advanced productivity, so it\nis inevitable that Token will realize the communism and sharing productivity.\nActually, this theory is not new, so I always tell my students that the\nBlockchain leaded by The Communist Party is the authentic path to realize\ncommunist economic model. The future is foreseeable, if you truly comprehend\nthe connotation of Blockchain. How to effectively allocate and distribute\naccording to work performance, the premise is the overwhelming abundance of\nproductivity while establishing reliable distributed rules, that is to say,\nthere should be no monopoly, such as, Wechat gains countless advertisement\nbenefits from your Wechat moments but never spare you a cent, why you publicize\nthe advertisements on your moments hopingly but without any advertisement fee\nreturned\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n Perhaps not only because Tencent is unwilling to do so, but also because\nthe complicated high cost to calculate your gains. Openness is a kind of mind\nalso of ability. The reason why the ICO chaos need to be powerfully regulated,\nit goes to the new technology and sophisticated model which requires\ngovernment\u2019s management. Nevertheless, there also exists such opinion: currency\nis the foundation of society rules, the currency rights is the base of\ngovernment. If government lost its base, it will be in idle. In my point of\nview, it is a feudal-minded, which limited within the existing thought box and\nneglect the development of society. Meanwhile, science and technology are the\nprimary productive force, it is unreasonable to ignore its effect and behave as\na feudalist in a republic society. It is promising to embrace the depicted\nfuture blueprint explicated in a report by ICO in Shenzhen SZCCF with the\nimplementation of means and methods to thorough regulation by government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I asked the students many times whether Ali Group promoted the market\neconomy or hindered its further enhancement. They reach a consensus that all\nthese problems need to be viewed dialectically with the background and the\nanalysis of the era background. In the early development period of internet and\ne-commerce, Ali definitely made internet and economy prosper, and customers\ngain benefits from the convenience of which. While from the later stage,\n\u201cDouble-Eleventh Promotion\u201d of Ali each year hits the record, it is also an\ninterpretation of a new centralized mode. It is foreseeable that the right\ndistribution system of fine grained quantifiable Token conceals the dazzling\ncivilization to the future Pandora World.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single\nstep, still have a long way to go<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Moving back to\nthe technology itself, it is true that current Blockchain technology is still\nat an early stage, Inevitably, it is confronted with system problems such as\nefficiency, security, computing and cost, which already exists before however\nmore crucial for Blockchain. Essentially, it is caused by the infrastructure\nof the Internet.<\/strong> IP Internet has not considered security issues in its\ndesign since its inception, while the following 60 years\u2019 improvements only\nsuppress the symptom without treating the condition. The core is the three\nproblems of current IP internet architecture listed as below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Binding of\nIdentity and Location<\/p>\n\n\n\n In other words, it is the binding of users and the Internet. Users are\nsupposed to get an IP address before networking. However, this address not only\nreveals users\u2019 location (the work base of LBS) but also impedes the roaming and\nmobility, which makes attacks easy to reach their targets. The WannaCry\nBitcoin virus (in May, 2017) sweeps the campus or enterprises only if one of\ntheir intranet node is poisoned. Meanwhile, for the attacker, its payment\naddress conceals itself, so a lot of antivirus and pursuit methods are\ncontrolled and tracked via the IP address.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Binding of\nControl and Transmission<\/p>\n\n\n\n Binding of Control and Transmission is binding of data resources and\ntransmitting entity, which causes much unnecessary consumption includes\ncomputing resource, network resource, and especially, energy. For example, a\nsingle file sharing application once occupied about two-thirds education\nnetwork traffic in the original P2P Maze Skynet on IP. The reason is the\nsuperimposed user data transmit between each other repeatedly with end-to-end\npath, the Beijing Youku server sends the data to Shenzhen which already existed\nin Shenzhen server, but why do not just take to use directly? This is unable to\nbe coped with CDN, which only solve the problems in data center and application\nlayer with high redundancy and price. Thus, fully demonstrating the reason why\nthe income of live video and VOD is considerable but with small gains. Only magnates participated\nin and the CDN company is the biggest winner. More tragically, operators become\nfully occupied channels, they have no idea of charging because their audit of\ndata is inaccessible to payers. One solution is insert the cache into network,\nwhich also serves as the core conception of Information Centric Network.\nHowever, Common demands should be satisfied at the network layer. Meanwhile,\nthe bottom of Blockchain is also a p2p network with similar problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It is inaccessible for IP network to distinguish\ndata owners, while the security of data transmission is guaranteed by the\nsecurity of the connection between this two parties, similar to the\ntransmission of natural gas, once the pipe leaks, the disaster happens. At the\nbeginning, the network is limited in computing ability, the underlying network\nis unable to undertake much tasks, where the design principle is the simpler,\nthe better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n With the development of hardware, the IPSec\nand VPN are included in IP protocol, but it still has its defects. Especially\nwhen current network is evolving distributed, 5G, multi network and\nmulti-protocol functionalize together and combine with each other. Synchronous\ntransmission of multi-link could be available, but the reality is IP conducts\nrouting first and make rules based on the prepared path, similar to railway\ntraffic which is in accordance with control and transmission of tracks, rigid\nand inflexible. On the other hand, data security and identity is unreachable if\nthe secure mode of IP is free from channel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As a leading future network architecture, Named Data Networking is\noriginally designed with public and private key encryption of all the data in\nthe network, which is consistent with the concept of Bitcoin and Blockchain. As\na digital asset, It is a must to ensure the data security during\nauthentication, trading and settlement, which is also the key for Blockchain to\nconstruct valuable Internet. However, it is inappropriate for application layer\nto solve these problems. In the final analysis, the underlying network\ninfrastructure is less advanced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ICN\nInfrastructure: the Foundation of Blockchain Technology to be Mature, the Honed\nBase of \u201cThe World of Pandora\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The Internet has become a pivotal infrastructure to support the modern\nproductivity and to promote the development of the future social civilization.\nThe development speed of Internet scale is beyond people’s imagination, where\nthe content of Internet is increasing explosively, and this trend is\naccelerating. The future network put more emphasis on establishing Information\nCentric Network, whose main function is to meet the requirements of efficient,\nlarge-scale and secure content acquisition, sharing and distribution. The\ntraditional IP network architecture adopts the design concept from the birth of\nnetwork in 1960s, while its communication model is Location-Based, which only\nsatisfies the transmission from end to end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This inconsistency dedicates to several problems, especially the data\nexchanges between the various types of network, Traditional Internet based on\nTCP\/IP protocol is facing increasing tough technical challenge and exposes\nprodigious inadaptability in network scalability, security, reliability,\nflexibility and mobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the first school day of 2018, I told my students that you should not\nonly focus on your research field, but also need knowledge reserve of other\ndirections. Interdisciplinary and intercross promotion has become normal in\nmodern society, If there is a point, at least Future Network, Blockchain and\nKnowledge Graph ( artificial intelligence technology based on text data\nprocessing), is the iron triangle of current knowledge system. In general, the\nfuture network, Blockchain and knowledge Graph all solve content-oriented\ndistributed network, which takes graph as logical structure, and system\ncomputing. ICN network architecture aims to the transmission, forwarding,\nstorage and computing of network content in the graph of computer network.\nBlockchain technology points at the security and reliability of trading data\nand account book in distributed graph structure of Blockchain. Knowledge Graph\nresearches on the content processing, representation and analysis of natural\nlanguage in structure of knowledge graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I have been involving in the \u201cTianwang Maze\u201d(once it is the biggest educational\nP2P file sharing application) for many years and worked in America Citi Group\nin 1999. Thus, having foresighted vision on the development of computer and\nfinancial. In 2014, I opened the course of \u201cThe Internet Finance and\nTechnology\u201d and advanced courses in Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking\nUniversity. Then in 2015, I felt that Blockchain is a typical distributed\ncomputer technology similar to p2p, which is able to profoundly change many\npain points in financial industries, such as, payment, settlement, transaction\nand voucher management. Hence, I started to pay attention to the research with\nseveral students, and organized many reports, forums and lectures (including\npresent in 2017 and 2018 Hurun New Finance Report as academic guest)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Therefore, our ICNLAB organized the \u201c2017 Future ICN Forum\u201d on 26th<\/sup>, June, 2017,\nwith three forums, main forum (ICN), Knowledge Graph sub-forum and Blockchain\nsub-forum. Chinese Academy of Engineering\nacademician Liu Yunjie gave a talk, where he clarified that the Internet is\ngradually changed from research type to consumption type, and to production\ntype in terms of network function. The first generation of Internet focuses on\nthe military and scientific research, the second generation is e-commerce\nrepresented by the World Wide Web, and now it is going into the third\ngeneration, that is, the future network. At present, the Internet is facing\nunprecedented challenges, such as scalability, security and mobility and so on,\nso it is imperative to usher new network architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n