{"id":661,"date":"2026-03-26T09:14:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ienlab.com\/?p=661"},"modified":"2026-04-07T09:58:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T09:58:45","slug":"algorand-scaling-byzantine-agreements-for-cryptocurrencies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ienlab.com\/?p=661","title":{"rendered":"Algorand: Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Source: https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3132747.3132757<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algorand: Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies<\/a><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u533a\u5757\u94fe<\/a> BIT-NetLab<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Gilad Y, Hemo R, Micali S, et al. Algorand: Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies[C]\/\/Proceedings of the 26th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). ACM, 2017: 51-68.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4e2d\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\uff08PoW\uff09\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5206\u53c9\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e SOSP 2017 \u7684 Algorand\uff0c\u7531 MIT CSAIL \u7684\u56fe\u7075\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b Silvio Micali \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u53c9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684 125 \u500d\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a BA\u22c6 \u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5171\u8bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\uff08VRF\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u52a8\u673a\uff1aPoW \u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u74f6\u9888<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f7f\u7528 PoW \u8ba9\u77ff\u5de5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u7ade\u4e89\u51fa\u5757\u6743\uff0c\u6700\u957f\u94fe\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6743\u5a01\u94fe\u3002\u7136\u800c PoW \u5929\u7136\u5141\u8bb8\u5206\u53c9\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u94fe\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u7f13\u89e3\u5206\u53c9\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5c06\u51fa\u5757\u95f4\u9694\u8bbe\u4e3a 10 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u8350\u7b49\u5f85 6 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u9700\u8981\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bb9\u9519\uff08BFT\uff09\u534f\u8bae\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u6297\u5973\u5deb\u653b\u51fb\uff08Sybil Attack\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7528\u6237\u573a\u666f\u3002\u800c\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5982 ByzCoin\uff09\u867d\u7136\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u81f3 35 \u79d2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528 PoW \u9009\u53d6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u53c9\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u201d\u6e29\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algorand \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u65e0\u5206\u53c9\u548c\u5f3a\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Algorand:<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Algorand \u56f4\u7ed5\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u5973\u5deb\u653b\u51fb\u3002Algorand \u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8d85\u8fc7\u603b\u8d27\u5e01\u91cf 2\/3 \u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\uff0cBA\u22c6 \u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5171\u8bc6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u624d\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5171\u8bc6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u4f2a\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u5973\u5deb\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u989d\u5916\u4f18\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u9879\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c06\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5171\u8bc6\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002BA\u22c6 \u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u4ece\u5168\u4f53\u7528\u6237\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u51fa\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u6d88\u606f\u83b7\u77e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u603b\u7528\u6237\u6570\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5bf9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u653b\u51fb\u3002Algorand \u5f15\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u62bd\u7b7e\uff08Cryptographic Sortition\uff09\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u79c1\u94a5\u4e0e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u516c\u5f00\u79cd\u5b50\u7684 VRF\uff0c\u79c1\u5bc6\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5728\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u524d\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0cBA\u22c6 \u8981\u6c42\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u53ea\u9700\u53d1\u8a00\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53d1\u8a00\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u2014\u2014\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u4efb\u4f55\u79c1\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u9664\u79c1\u94a5\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5177\u5907\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001BA\u22c6 \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

BA\u22c6 \u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u5f52\u7ea6\u201d\uff08Reduction\uff09\u5c06\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u533a\u5757\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u503c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4e8c\u503c\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\uff08BinaryBA\u22c6\uff09\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u533a\u5757\u63d0\u6848\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u62bd\u7b7e\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\uff0cAlgorand \u5229\u7528 VRF \u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63d0\u6848\u8d4b\u4e88\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5148\u5e7f\u64ad\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5c0f\u6d88\u606f\uff08\u7ea6 200 \u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u540e\u518d\u63a5\u6536\u5b8c\u6574\u533a\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BA\u22c6 \u533a\u5206\u201d\u6700\u7ec8\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\uff08Final Consensus\uff09\u548c\u201d\u6682\u5b9a\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\uff08Tentative Consensus\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5f3a\u540c\u6b65\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\uff0cBA\u22c6 \u4ec5\u9700 4 \u6b65\u4ea4\u4e92\u5373\u53ef\u8fbe\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8bda\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u4e24\u7ec4\u7684\u50f5\u5c40\uff0cBinaryBA\u22c6 \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u201d\u516c\u5171\u786c\u5e01\u201d\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e VRF \u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6709\u6548\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5171\u8bc6\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c11 1\/3 \u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u534f\u8bae\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Algorand \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u4ee5\u538b\u5012\u6027\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bda\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\u4ea4\u6613\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d3b\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0cAlgorand \u4f9d\u8d56\u201d\u5f3a\u540c\u6b65\u201d\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a95% \u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u80fd\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u88ab 95% \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bda\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u6536\u5230\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u201d\u5f31\u540c\u6b65\u201d\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u6bb5\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u5929\u6216\u4e00\u5468\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u6062\u590d\u5f3a\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f31\u540c\u6b65\u671f\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5206\u53c9\uff0cAlgorand \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\u6240\u6709 BA\u22c6 \u6295\u7968\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u6709\u5206\u53c9\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u901a\u8fc7 BA\u22c6 \u5c31\u5e94\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u5206\u53c9\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u957f\u5206\u53c9\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6700\u7ec8\u5171\u8bc6\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0e\u767e\u500d\u541e\u5410\u63d0\u5347<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5728 1,000 \u53f0 Amazon EC2 \u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86 Algorand \u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u4e86 5,000 \u5230 500,000 \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65b9\u9762\uff0cAlgorand \u5728 50,000 \u7528\u6237\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a 1MB \u533a\u5757\u4ec5\u9700\u7ea6 22 \u79d2\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u6570\u4ece 5,000 \u589e\u52a0\u5230 50,000\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u51e0\u4e4e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u6269\u5c55\u5230 500,000 \u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u589e\u52a0\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 10MB \u533a\u5757\u65f6\uff0cAlgorand \u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u53ef\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ea6 750MB \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff08\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6 6MB\uff09\u7684 125 \u500d\u3002BA\u22c6 \u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ea6\u4e3a 12 \u79d2\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u589e\u5927\u533a\u5757\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u644a\u8584\u5171\u8bc6\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a Algorand \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ea6 6.5% \u7684 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u7ea6 10 Mbit\/s \u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u4e0e\u603b\u7528\u6237\u6570\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6076\u610f\u7528\u6237\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6076\u610f\u7528\u6237\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fbe\u5230 20%\uff08\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u533a\u5757\uff09\uff0cAlgorand \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Algorand \u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5171\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u62bd\u7b7e\u3001\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5373\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u516c\u5171\u786c\u5e01\u7b49\u7cbe\u5de7\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0cBA\u22c6 \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u53c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bba\u6587\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u9f13\u52b1\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u8bc6\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u964d\u4f4e\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540c\u6b65\u5168\u91cf\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5411\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9632\u6b62\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e8b\u540e\u8150\u5316\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u94a5\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584 Algorand \u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u843d\u5730\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3132747.3132757<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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